Rice Department of Linguistics Colloquium

A Sociolinguistic Classification of Chiac

Hilary Young
Rice University
hilaryy@rice.edu

Thursday Feb. 22, 2001

4:00 p.m.

Humanities Bldg. 118


Abstract

Chiac is the name given to the speech of certain Acadian French(AF)-English bilinguals in Moncton, Canada. It presents an interesting challenge for sociolinguistic analysis in that it makes use of units from AF and English in ways that can suggest code-switching or a distinct conventional system: either a dialect of AF or a mixed language. As such, it is not easily classified using traditional categories such as code-switching, mixed language, etc. For instance, the example below (from my corpus of spoken Chiac) is not typical of code-switching since the switch between the English-origin root destruct and the French suffix -er occurs before a bound morpheme. This is difficult to account for in a code-switching framework since it is not clear what the motivation for such a switch could be.

(1)
on sait plus de manihre-s à comme like
3s know.3s.PRES more of way-pl to like like

destruct-er d'- aut monde
destroy-INF DET other people

'We know more ways to, like, destroy other people.'

Assuming then that we are dealing not with code-switching but with a distinct variety, we could take the position that lexical items of English origin are loanwords in Chiac. How then do we account for the occurrence in Chiac of English-based core vocabulary, such as good, blood and laugh, which is supposed to be highly resistant to borrowing? The answer lies in part in the continued bilingualism of speakers.

This paper presents a sociolinguistic analysis of Chiac, including a discussion of potential problems such as this. I begin by providing a brief grammatical sketch of the phenomenon known as Chiac. Then I consider potential ways of describing and classifying it from a sociolinguistic perspective. I conclude that Chiac is a variety of AF whose inventory of symbolic units includes many constructions of English origin, especially lexical constructions.


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