ESCI 502 – Field Trip-Advanced Geology and Petrology

Organizational Meeting – Monday, Aug 22, 4:30 PM

RM 327

Contact Cin-Ty Lee (ctlee@rice.edu) for more information

ESCI 502 – Field Trip-Advanced Geology and Petrology

Instructor: Cin-Ty Lee

To sign up for this course, you must get the instructor’s signature.

Course description

This class will combine field geology with quantitative understanding of the physical and chemical processes relevant to various geological phenomena, such as magma mixing, ductile and brittle deformation, regional and contact metamorphism, regional tectonics, structural geology, sedimentology, and geomorphology. The class will meet once a week for 2 hours and will begin with a lecture by the instructor, followed by student-led discussions of assigned readings. A 3 day field trip to Southern California is planned. The first day will be spent mapping magma mingling structures. On the second day, students will split into two groups, depending on interest to map either 1) structural and metamorphic contact relationships between a plutonic body and carbonate wallrock, or 2) alluvial fan deposits in a tectonically active region. Depending on time, on the third day will involve a geologic tour of southern California, including the San Jacinto Mountains, San Andreas Fault, Salton trough, Joshua Tree National Park, and various metamorphic rocks in the transverse ranges.

Pre-requisites

Students are expected to have taken all the ESCI core classes or equivalents as well as the field methods course. Basic math, physics and chemistry are recommended.

Texts

Maley, Terry, 2005, Field Geology Illustrated, Mineral Land Publications, 2^nd edition.

Required equipment

Hand lens

Colored pencils

Brunton compass (department will supply this)

Rock hammer

Field notebook

Clipboard

Expectations

Each student is expected to lead 3 presentations/discussions. Students are expected to generate maps from each of the regions and write a report to be turned in at the end of the semester. Grading will be based as follows:

20% discussions

40% field map

40% report/term paper

SYLLABUS

Week 1 – General Geology of Western North America

Week 2 – Southern California Geology, reading geologic maps

Week 3 - Basic Igneous Petrology

Week 4 – Rheology and fluid flow

Week 5 - Heat transport

Week 6 – Magma chamber dynamics

Week 7 – crystal nucleation and grain growth

Week 8 - Folding deformation

Week 9 - Basic sedimentology

Week 10 – Basic metamorphic petrology

Week 11 – Metamorphic textures

Week 12 - Hillslope transport and geomorphology

Week 13 – Sediment transport

Week 14

FIELD TRIP DATE - TBA

READINGS

GENERAL GEOLOGY OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA

Dickinson, W., 1981, Plate tectonics and the continental margin of California, in Ernst, W.G., ed., The geotectonic development of California: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, p. 1-28.

Atwater, T., 1970, Implications of plate tectonics for Cenozoic tectonic evolution of western North America: Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., v. 81, p. 3513-3536.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY

Busby, C. (2004). "Continental growth at convergent margins facing large ocean basins: a case study from Mesozoic convergent-margin basins of Baja California, Mexico." Tectonophys. 392: 241-277.

Gastil, G., G. Morgan, et al. (1988). The tectonic history of Peninsular California and adjacent Mexico. Metamorphic and tectonic evolution of the Penisular Ranges batholith. Metamorphism and crustal evolution of the western United States. . W. G. Ernst. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall. Rubey Volume VII: 286-306.

Gastil, R. G. (1975). "Plutonic zones of the Peninsular Ranges of southern California and northern Baja California." Geology 3: 361-363.

Girty, G. H. (1987). "Sandstone provenance, Point Loma Formation, San Diego, California; evidence for uplift of the Peninsular Ranges during the Laramide orogeny." J. Sedimentary Research 57: 839-844.

Gromet, L. P. and L. T. Silver (1987). "REE variations across the Peninsular Ranges Batholith: implications for batholithic petrogenesis and crustal growth in magmatic arcs." Journ. Petrol. 28: 75-125.

Todd, V. R., B. G. Erskine, et al. (1988). Metamorphic and tectonic evolution of the Penisular Ranges batholith. Metamorphism and crustal evolution of the western United States. W. G. Ernst. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall. Rubey Volume VII: 894-937.

Woodford, A. O., J. S. Shelton, et al. (1971). "Pliocene-Pleistocene history of the Perris block, southern California." Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 82: 3421-3448.

GRANITOID GENESIS AND EMPLACEMENT

Bachmann, O. and G. W. Bergantz (2006). "Gas percolation in upper-crustal silicic crystal mushes as a mechanism for upward heat advection and rejuvenation of near-solidus magma bodies." J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 149: 85-102.

Barbarin, B. (2005). "Mafic magmatic enclaves and mafic rocks associated with some granitoids of the central Sierra Nevada batholith, California: nature, origin, and relations with the hosts." Lithos 80: 155-177.

Brown, M., Y. A. Averkin, et al. (1995). "Melt segregation in migmatites." J. Geophys. Res. 100: 15655-15679.

Burgissser, A. and G. W. Bergantz (2011). "A rapid mechanism to remobilize and homogenize highly crystalline magma bodies." Nature 471: 212-215.

Glazner, A. F. and J. M. Bartley (2006). "Is stoping a volumetrically significant pluton emplacement process?" Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 118: 1185-1195.

Paterson, S. R., R. H. Vernon, et al. (1989). "A review of criteria for the identification of magmatic and tectonic foliations in granitoids." J. Structural Geology 11: 349-363.

Paterson, S. R., G. S. Pignotta, et al. (2004). "The significance of microgranitoid enclave shapes and orientations." J. Structural Geology 26: 1465-1481.

Patino Douce, A. E. and A. D. Johnston (1991). "Phase equilibria and melt productivity in the pelitic system: implications for the origin of peraluminous granitoids and aluminous granulites." Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 107: 202-218.

Petford, N. (2003). "Rheology of granitic magmas during ascent and emplacement." Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 31: 399-427.

Petford, N., Cruden, A.R., McCaffrey, K.J.W., and Vigneresse, J.-L., 2000, Granite magma formation, transport and emplacement in the Earth's crust: Nature, v. 408, p. 669-673.

Reubi, O. and J. Blundy (2009). "A dearth of intermediate melts at subduction zone volcanoes and the petrogenesis of arc andesites." Nature 461: 1269-1274.

GRAIN GROWTH AND NUCLEATION

Brandeis, G. and C. Jaupart (1987). "The kinetics of nucleation and crystal growth and scaling laws for magmatic crystallization." Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 96: 24-34.

Evans, B., J. Renner, et al. (2001). "A few remarks on the kinetics of static grain growth in rocks." Int. J. Earth Sciences 90: 88-103.

Hiraga, T., T. Miyazaki, et al. (2010). "Mantle superplasticity and its self-made demise." Nature 468: 1091-1094.

Marsh, B. D. (1998). "On the interpretation of crystal size distributions in magmatic systems." J. Petrol. 39: 553-599.

Marsh, B. D. (1989). "Magma chambers." Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 17: 439-474.

Zieg, M. J. and B. D. Marsh (2002). "Crystal size distributions and scaling laws in the quantification of igneous textures." J. Petrol. 43: 85-101.

RHEOLOGY

Frost, H. J. and M. F. Ashby (1982). Deformation-mechanism maps: the plasticity and creep of metals and ceramics, Pergamon Press.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF FLUID FLOW

Geoff Davies, Dynamic Earth, Chapter 6.

Geoff Davies, Dynamic Earth, Chapter 8

BASIC CONCEPTS OF SOLID MECHANICS

FOLDING

Turcotte and Schubert

Ramberg, H. (1955). "Natural and experimental boudinage and pinch-and-swell structures." J. Geol. 63: 512-526.

Ghosh, S. K. (1993). Structural geology, fundamentals and modern developments. England, Pergamon Press. (FOLDS)

Ghosh, S. K. (1993). Structural geology, fundamentals and modern developments. England, Pergamon Press. (FOLDING MECHANISMS)

Ghosh, S. K. (1993). Structural geology, fundamentals and modern developments. England, Pergamon Press. (BOUDINAGE)

BASIC CONCEPTS OF HEAT TRANSFER AND FLOW THROUH POROUS MEDIA

Geoff Davies, Dynamic Earth, Chapter 7

BASIC METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

Philpotts – Graphical Analysis

Philpotts – 20 - volatiles

Winkler 5 -graphical

Winkler 7 –Grade

Winkler - Isograds

Winkler 9 – Carbonates

Winkler 10 – Marls

Winkler – Mafic

Winkler –Pelite

Winkler - ultramafic

QUANTITATIVE GEOMORPHOLOGY

Dietrich, W. E. and J. T. Perron (2006). "The search for a topographic signature of life." Nature 439: 411-418.

Heimsath, A. M., W. E. Dietrich, et al. (1997). "The soil production function and landscape equilibrium." Nature 388: 358-361.

CLASTIC SEDIMENTOLOGY

Dade, W. B. and P. F. Friend (1998). "Grain-size, sediment-transport regime, and channel slope slope in alluvial rivers." J. Geol. 106: 661-676.

Dickinson, W. R., L. S. Beard, et al. (1983). "Provenance of North American Phanerozoic sandstones in relation to tectoinc setting." Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 94: 222-235.

Heller, P. L. and C. Paola (1992). "The large-scale dynamics of grain-size variation in alluvial basins, 2: application to syntectonic conglomerate." Basin Research 4: 91-102.

Paola, C., P. L. Heller, et al. (1992). "The large-scale dynamics of grain-size variation in the alluvial basins, 1: theory." Basin Research 4: 73-90.

Pettijohn. Sand and Sandstones. Chapter 5

CARBONATE SEDIMENTOLOGY

OTHER USEFUL REFERENCES

Bard, J. P. (1986). Microtextures of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Dordrecht, Holland, D. Reidel Publishing Company.

Johannes, J. and F. Holtz (1996). Petrogenesis and experimental petrology of granitic rocks, Springer.