1. A. N. Kurtz, W. E. Billups, R. B. Greenlee, H. F. Hamil, and W. T. Pace, "The Configuration of Chloroacrylic Acids, Amides, Esters, and Nitriles by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy," J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 3141.
  2. J. H. Wotiz, W. E. Billups, and D. T. Christian, "The Sodium Amide Catalyzed Rearrangement of Some Acetylenes in Ethylenediamine," J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 2069.
  3. M. L. Farmer, W. E. Billups, R. B. Greenlee, and A. N. Kurtz, "Isomerization of Propargylic Amines to Conjugated Dienes. 2-Dialkylamino-1,3-butadienes," J. Org. Chem. 1966, 30, 2885.
  4. T. C. Shields and W. E. Billups, "2-Chloro-3,3-dimethylmethylenecyclopropane," Chem. Ind. (London) 1967, 1999.
  5. W. E. Billups and A. N. Kurtz, "Diastereomeric Equilibration of the Dichloropentanes. A Model System for Polyvinyl Chloride," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 1361.
  6. T. C. Shields, W. E. Billups, and A. R. Lepley, "Vinylmethylenecyclopropane," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 4749.
  7. T. C. Shields, W. E. Billups, and A. N. Kurtz, "A New Alkenynylamine Synthesis," Angew. Chem. Inter. Edit. 1968, 7, 209; German version: Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 193.
  8. N. C. Deno, W. E. Billups, J. E. Bingman, R. R. Lastomirsky, and W. G. Whalen, "The Formation of Transient, Primary Carbonium Ions by Oxidation of Carboxylic Acids," J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 3207.
  9. T. C. Shields and W. E. Billups, "Vinylethylidenecyclopropane and trans-1,2-Divinylcyclopropane via Elimination-Isomerization," Chem. Ind. (London) 1969, 619.
  10. N. C. Deno, W. E. Billups, R. E. DiStefano, K. M. McDonald, and S. Schneider, "The Alkylation of Acetic Anhydride by Triphenylmethyl Cation," J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 278.
  11. W. E. Billups, A. N. Kurtz, and M. L. Farmer, "Halogen Migration in the Reaction of Dichloroalkanes with Aluminum Chloride," Tetrahedron 1970, 26, 1095.
  12. W. E. Billups and N. C. Deno, "The meso-dl and erythro-threo-Dichloroalkane Equilibria," Chem. Commun. 1970, 12.
  13. N. C. Deno, W. E. Billups, D. LaVietes, P. C. Scholl, and S. Schneider, "Protonated Cyclopropane Intermediates in the Reactions of Cyclopropane-carboxylic Acids," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 3700.
  14. N. C. Deno, W. E. Billups, K. E. Kramer, and R. R. Lastomirsky, "The Rearrangement of Aliphatic Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Alkyl Hydroperoxides in Strong Acid," J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 3080.
  15. N. C. Deno and W. E. Billups, "Protonated Cyclopropane Intermediates in the Addition of Cl2 to Methyl and Ethylcyclopropane," Chem. Commun. 1970, 1387.
  16. N. C. Deno, W. E. Billups, R. Fishbein, C. Pierson, R. Whalen, and J. C. Wyckoff, "Cation Radicals. II. Selectivity (>90%) for w-1 Monochlorination of C6 and C8 Alcohols, Ethers, and Carboxylic Acids Using Nitrogen Cation Radicals," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 438.
  17. E. S. Lewis, M. M. Butler, and W. E. Billups, "A Sensual Demonstration of Gas Chromatography," J. Chem. Ed. 1971, 48, 361.
  18. W. E. Billups, W. E. Walker, and T. C. Shields, "The Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation-dimerization of Butadiene," Chem. Commun. 1971, 1067.
  19. W. E. Billups, A. J. Blakeney, and W. Y. Chow, "A Benzocyclopropene Synthesis," Chem. Commun. 1971, 1461.
  20. K. H. Leavell, W. E. Billups, and E. S. Lewis, Abst. IUPAC Congr. 23rd, 1971, Pap. No. 108.
  21. W. E. Billups, K. H. Leavell, W. Y. Chow, and E. S. Lewis, "Synthesis and Pyrolytic Transformations of 7-methylenebicyclo[4.1.0]hept-2-ene and Bicyclo[6.1.0]nona-1,6-diene," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 1770.
  22. W. E. Billups, T. C. Shields, W. Y. Chow, and N. C. Deno, "Vinylalkylidenecyclo- propanes from gem-Dichlorocyclopropanes by HCl Eliminations," J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 3676.
  23. W. E. Billups, L. P. Lin, and O. A. Gansow, "Dimethylene(2-propenylidene)-methanetricarbonyliron," Angew. Chem. Inter. Edit. 1972, 11, 637; German version: Angew. Chem. 1972, 84, 684.
  24. A. N. Kurtz, W. E. Billups, and M. L. Farmer, "1,3-Diaminoalkanes," U.S.P. 3,487,111, 1972.
  25. W. E. Billups, J. H. Cross, and C. V. Smith, "A Synthesis of Grandisol," J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 3438.
  26. W. E. Billups and W. Y. Chow, "Naphtho[b]cyclopropene," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 4099.
  27. W. E. Billups, K. H. Leavell, E. S. Lewis, and S. Vanderpool, "Rates and Mechanisms in the Rearrangements of Vinylmethylenecyclopropane and Vinylmethylidenecyclopropane," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 8096.
  28. W. E. Billups, W. Y. Chow, K. H. Leavell, E. S. Lewis, J. L. Margrave, R. L. Sass, J. J. Shieh, P. G. Werness, and J. L. Wood, "Structure and Thermochemistry of Benzocyclopropenes. The Question of Bond Fixation and Strain Energy," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 7878.
  29. W. E. Billups, B. A. Baker, and L. P. Lin, "Trimethylenemethane vs. Diene Coordination in the Reaction of 2,2-Dimethylallylidenecyclopropane with Fe2(CO)9," J. Organometal. Chem. 1973, 61, C55.
  30. W. E. Billups, W. Y. Chow, K. H. Leavell, and E. S. Lewis, "Synthesis and Thermolysis of 1-Allylidene-2-vinylcyclopropane and 1-Methylene-2-(1-buta-1,3-dienyl)-cyclopropane," J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 174.
  31. W. E. Billups, W. Y. Chow, and C. V. Smith, "Uses of Benzocyclopropenes in Synthesis. Catalysis by Silver Ion," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 1979.
  32. C. V. Smith and W. E. Billups, "Chlorination of Norbornane, Bicyclo[2.2.2]-octane and Adamantane Using Nitrogen Cation Radicals," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 4307.
  33. W. E. Billups, W. Y. Chow, and J. H. Cross, "A Synthesis of (±)-Dictyopterene A and (±)-Dictyopterene C," Chem. Commun. 1974, 252.
  34. R. V. Stevens, W. E. Billups, and B. Jacobson, "Stereochemistry and Reaction Mechanism," for the 3rd Edition of "Techniques of Physical Organic Chemistry," Vol. 6, E. S. Lewis, Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1974.
  35. W. E. Billups, L. P. Lin, and W. Y. Chow, "Evidence for the Discrete Existence of a Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptatriene," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 99, 4026.
  36. W. E. Billups, B. A. Baker, W. Y. Chow, K. H. Leavell, and E. S. Lewis, "Effect of Ring Size on the Thermal Rearrangements of Bicyclo[n.2.0]alka-1,n-dienes," J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 1702.
  37. W. E. Billups, J. H. Cross, and A. J. Blakeney, "Isolation of a Cyclopropene Dehydrochlorination of a gem-Dichlorocyclopropane," J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 1848.
  38. F. A. Cotton, J. M. Troup, W. E. Billups, L. P. Lin, and C. V. Smith, "Synthesis and Structure Proof of a New Ring System from the Reaction of Diironnonacarbonyl and Naphtho[b]cyclopropene," J. Organometal. Chem. 1975, 102, 345.
  39. W. E. Billups, A. J. Blakeney, and W. Y. Chow, "Benzocyclopropene (Bicyclo[4.1.0]hepta-1,3,5-triene)," Organic Synthesis 1976, 55, 12.
  40. W. E. Billups, Andrew J. Blakeney, and William T. Chamberlain, "Generation and Trapping of Methylenecyclopropene," J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 3771.
  41. W. E. Billups and A. J. Blakeney, "Synthesis of Methylenecyclopropenes," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 7817.
  42. W. E. Billups, W. T. Chamberlain, and M. Y. Asim, "Synthesis of 3-Chloro- and 3-Bromobenzocyclopropene," Tetrahedron Lett. 1977, 571.
  43. W. E. Billups and Larry E. Reed, "Generation of Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptatrienes. Carbene-Carbene Rearrangements in Solution," Tetrahedron Lett. 1977, 2239.
  44. W. E. Billups, "Synthesis and Chemistry of Benzocyclopropenes," Accounts Chem. Res. 1978, 11, 245.
  45. W. E. Billups, J. D. Buynak, and D. Butler, "Generation of a 1,3-Dehydronaphthalene. Evidence for the Diyl Structure," J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 4218.
  46. W. E. Billups, R. Erkes, and L. E. Reed, "Palladium Catalyzed Allylation of Indole," Synthetic Commun. 1980, 10, 147.
  47. W. E. Billups, M. M. Konarski, R. H. Hauge, and J. L. Margrave, "Carbon-carbon Bond Formation in the Reaction of Calcium Atoms with Ethers," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 3649.
  48. W. E. Billups, M. M. Konarski, R. H. Hauge, and J. L. Margrave, "Activation of Dimethyl Ether with Barium and Strontium Atoms," J. Organometal. Chem. 1980, 194, C-22.
  49. W. E. Billups, Mark M. Konarski, Robert H. Hauge, and John L. Margrave, "Activation of Dimethyl Ether with Transition Metal Atoms," Tetrahedron Lett. 1980, 3861.
  50. W. E. Billups, J. D. Buynak, and D. Butler, "Generation of 2-Chloro-naphthalene-1,3-diyl," J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 4636.
  51. W. E. Billups, Mark M. Konarski, Robert H. Hauge, and John L. Margrave, "Activation of Methane with Photoexcited Metal Atoms," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7393.
  52. W. E. Billups. L. E. Reed, E. W. Casserly, and L. P. Lin, "Generation of Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptatrienes," J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 1326.
  53. 53. W. E. Billups, Andrew J. Blakeney, Nancy A. Rao, and John D. Buynak, "Generation of Simple Methylenecyclopropenes as Reactive Intermediates," Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 3215.
  54. R. H. Hauge, J. L. Margrave, J. W. Kauffman, Nancy A. Rao, Mark M. Konarski, John P. Bell, and W. E. Billups, "Matrix Isolation Studies on the Lithium-induced Reductive Coupling of Carbon Dioxide," Chem. Commun. 1981, 1258.
  55. J. W. Kauffman, M. M. Konarski, W. E. Billups, and J. L. Margrave, "New Reactions of Astrochemical Interest," Proceedings, DARPA Materials Research Council Summer Conference, July 1981, 242-249.
  56. J. L. Margrave, R. H. Hauge, Z. K. Ismail, L. Fredin, and W. E. Billups, "Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry in Low Temperature Matrices," Proceedings, Series 211, ACS Symposium on "Inorganic Chemistry: Toward the 21st Century," May 1982, 329.
  57. Z. H. Kafafi, R. H. Hauge, W. E. Billups, and J. L. Margrave, "Carbon Dioxide Activation by Lithium Metal. 1. Infrared Spectra of Li+CO2-, Li+C2O4- and Li2++CO22- in Inert Gas Matrices," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 3886.
  58. W. E. Billups and Long-Jin Lin, "1,4-Di-tert-Butylmethylenecyclopropene," Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 1683.
  59. Z. H. Kafafi, R. H. Hauge, L. Fredin, W. E. Billups, and J. L. Margrave, "Activation of Ethane, Propane, and Cyclopropane by Photoexcited Iron Atoms," Chem. Commun. 1983, 1230.
  60. W. E. Billups, Review, The Alkaloids, Vol. XX, in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 5521.
  61. Zakya H. Kafafi, R. H. Hauge, W. E. Billups, and John L. Margrave, "Carbon Dioxide Activation by Alkali Metals. 2. Infrared Spectra of M+CO2- and M2++CO22- in Argon and Nitrogen Matrices," Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 177.
  62. W. E. Billups, Edward W. Casserly, and Benny E. Arney, "1H-Cycloprop[b]anthracene," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 440.
  63. W. E. Billups, Long-Jin Lin, and Edward W. Casserly, "Synthesis of Methylenecyclopropene," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 3698.
  64. W. E. Billups, Benny E. Arney, Jr., and Long-Jin Lin, "The Synthsis of tris-Annelated Aromatics Incorporating Three-Membered Rings," J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 3436.
  65. W. E. Billups, Long-Jin Lin, Benny E. Arney, Jr., Wayne A. Rodin, and Edward W. Casserly, "1-Bromo-2-chlorocyclopropene - A New Cycloproparene Synthon. Synthesis of 1H-Cyclopropa[b]phenanthrene," Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 3935.
  66. W. E. Billups, John P. Bell, John L. Margrave, and Robert H. Hauge, "Activation of Hexafluoroethane by Calcium Atoms," J. Fluorine Chemistry 1984, 26, 165.
  67. Sou-Chan Chang, Zakya H. Kafafi, Robert H. Hauge, W. E. Billups, and John L. Margrave, "Isolation and Characterization of Iron Methylene (FeCH2) via FTIR Matrix Isolation," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 1447.
  68. W. E. Billups, K. N. Houk, and R. V. Stevens, "Stereochemistry and Reaction Mechanism," for the 4th Edition of "Techniques of Physical Organic Chemistry", Vol. 7, C. F. Bernasconi, Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1986, pp 663-745.
  69. W. E. Billups, John P. Bell, Robert H. Hauge, Ellen S. Kline, A. Wesley Moorehead, John L. Margrave, and F. B. McCormick, "Photoactivation of Methyl Acetate by Chromium Atoms," Organometallics 1986, 5, 1917.
  70. W. E. Billups, John L. Margrave, Zakya H. Kafafi, and Robert H. Hauge, "Activation of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes by Photoexcited Metal Atoms and Clusters," Proceedings, Vol. 3, 961-964 (1986), Fourth International Symposium on Homogeneous Catalysis, Leningrad, Russia, September 1984.
  71. W. E. Billups and Long-Jin Lin, invited paper, "Uses of Adsorbed Reagents in the Synthesis of Reactive Molecules via Elimination Reactions," Tetrahedron Symposia-in-Print No. 267, Synthesis of Non-natural Products: Challenge and Reward 1986, 42, 1575.
  72. W. E. Billups and A. Wesley Moorehead, invited paper, "The Chemistry of the Cyclopropenyl Group" in "The Chemistry of Functional Groups," S. Patai and Z. Rappoport, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1987, Part 2, pp 1533-1574.
  73. Sou-Chan Chang, Zakya H. Kafafi, Robert H. Hauge, Kenton H. Whitmire, W. Edward Billups, and John L. Margrave, "Infrared Spectrum of Hexacarbonylbis(m-carbonyl)(m-methylene)diiron, Fe2(CO)6(m-CO)2(m-CH2), in Cryogenic Matrices," Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 4530.
  74. Sou-Chan Chang, Zakya H. Kafafi, Robert H. Hauge, W. E. Billups, and John L. Margrave, "Isolation and Characterization of Copper Methylene (CuCH2) via FTIR Matrix Isolation Spectroscopy," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 4508.
  75. Sou-Chan Chang, Zakya H. Kafafi, Robert H. Hauge, John L. Margrave, and W. E. Billups, "The Isolation and Characterization of Copper Methylene via Matrix Isolation," Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 1733.
  76. Zakya H. Kafafi, Robert H. Hauge, W. Edward Billups, and John L. Margrave, "Infrared Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of Iron-Ethylene Oxide in Cryogenic Matrices. The FTIR Spectrum of Vinyliron Hydroxide," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 4775.
  77. Sou-Chan Chang, Robert H. Hauge, Zakya H. Kafafi, John L. Margrave, and W. E. Billups, "Isolation and Characterization of ZnCH2 by Fourier Transform I.R. Matrix Isolation Spectroscopy and Its Photolytic Rearrangement to HZnCH," Chem. Commun. 1987, 1682.
  78. Sou-Chan Chang, Robert H. Hauge, W. E. Billups, John L. Margrave, and Zakya H. Kafafi, "Low-Temperature Reactions of Methane with Photoexcited Nickel Atoms," Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 205.
  79. W. E. Billups, A. Wesley Moorehead, Pay-Jane Ko, John L. Margrave, John P. Bell and Fred B. McCormick, "Metal Vapor Synthesis of Bis(arene)manganese Cations Utilizing in Situ Oxidation," Organometallics 1988, 7, 2230.
  80. W. E. Billups, Wayne A. Rodin, and Michael M. Haley, "Cycloproparenes," Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 1305.
  81. W. E. Billups and Wayne A. Rodin, "Regioselective Ring Opening in Annelated Benzocyclopropenes," J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 1312.
  82. W. E. Billups, Andrew J. Blakeney, and Wai-Yan Chow, "Benzocyclopropene (Bicyclo[4.1.0]hepta-1,3,5-triene)," in "Organic Synthesis," Coll. Vol. VI, W. E. Noland, Ed., John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 1988, pp 87-89.
  83. Sou-Chan Chang, Robert H. Hauge, Zakya H. Kafafi, John L. Margrave, and W. E. Billups, "Characterization and Novel Low Temperature Reactions of FeCH2 and N2FeCH2," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7975.
  84. Sou-Chan Chang, Robert H. Hauge, Zakya H. Kafafi, John L. Margrave, and W. E. Billups, "Low-Temperature Reactions of Atomic Nickel with Diazomethane," Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 4373.
  85. W. E. Billups, "Reactions of Strained Carbon-carbon Bonds with Metal Atoms," NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Strain and Its Implications in Organic Chemistry," NATO ASI Series, A. de Meijere and S. Blechert, Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989, pp 451-456.
  86. W. E. Billups, M. M. Haley, and G.-A. Lee, "Synthesis of Cyclopropenes," NATO Advanced Research Workshop in "Strain and Its Implication in Organic Chemistry," NATO ASI Series, A. de Meijere and S. Blechert, Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989, p 483.
  87. W. E. Billups, Michael M. Haley, and Gon-Ann Lee, "Bicyclo[n.1.0]alkenes," Chemical Reviews 1989, 89, 1147-1159.
  88. W. E. Billups and Robert E. Bachman, "h1s-Alkyl Complexes by Direct Hydrocarbon Activation," in Inorganic Reactions and Methods, A. P. Hagen, Ed., VCH Publishers, NY, 1991, Vol. 12a, 2-7.
  89. W. E. Billups and Michael M. Haley, "Bicycloprop-2-enyl (C6H6)," Angew. Chem. 1989, 101, 1735; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng. 1989, 28, 1711.
  90. R. E. Haufler, J. Conceicao, L. P. F. Chibante, Y. Chai, N. E. Byrne, S. Flanagan, M. M. Haley, S. C. O'Brien, C. Pan, Z. Xiao, W. E. Billups, M. A. Ciufolini, R. H. Hauge, J. L. Margrave, L. J. Wilson, R. F. Curl, and R. E. Smalley, "Efficient Production of C60 (Buckminsterfullerene), C60H36, and the Solvated Buckide Ion," J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 8634.
  91. W. E. Billups, Michael M. Haley, Randal C. Claussen, and Wayne A. Rodin, "Dicycloproparenes," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 4331.
  92. 92. W. E. Billups and Michael M. Haley, "Spiropentadiene," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5084.
  93. W. E. Billups, Gon-Ann Lee, Benny E. Arney, Jr., and Kenton H.Whitmire, "1,3-Bridged Cyclopropenes," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 7980.
  94. W. E. Billups and Robert E. Bachman, "The Thermal Rearrangements of Halocyclopropenes," Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 1825.
  95. W. V. Steele, R. D. Chirico, N. K. Smith, W. E. Billups, P. R. Elmore, and A. E. Wheeler, "The Standard Enthalpy of Formation of Buckminsterfullerene C60," J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 4731.
  96. Roland Boese, Dieter Bläser, Rolf Gleiter, Karl-Heinz Pfeifer, W. E. Billups, and Michael M. Haley, "Structure and Photoelectron Spectrum of 3,3'-Bicyclopropenyl," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 743.
  97. W. E. Billups, Sou-Chan Chang, Robert H. Hauge, and John L. Margrave, "Detection of a
    s-Complex in the Reaction of Cobalt Atoms with Methane," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 2039.
  98. W. E. Billups, Sou-Chan Chang, Robert H. Hauge, and John L. Margrave, "Synthesis and Structure of the Unligated Carbene of Chromium," Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 1529.
  99. W. Edward Billups and Marco A. Ciufolini, Editors, "Buckminsterfullerenes," VCH Publishers, NY, 1993.
  100. W. E. Billups, Review, Advances in Strain in Organic Chemistry. Vol. 1. Edited by Brian Halton (Victoria University of Wellington). JAI Press Ltd.: London and Greenwich, Connecticut, in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 6476.
  101. Roland Boese, Dieter Bläser, W. Edward Billups, Michael M. Haley, Andreas H. Maulitz, Debra L. Mohler, and K. Peter C. Vollhardt, "The Effect of Angular Strained-ring Fusion on Benzene: Crystal Structures of Cyclobuta[a]cyclopropa[c]-, Dicyclobuta[a,c]-, Dicyclobuta[a,c]cyclopropa[e]-, and Tricyclobuta[a,c,e]benzene," Angew Chem. 1994, 106, 321; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1332.
  102. W. E. Billups and Dianne J. McCord, "Gas Phase Synthesis of Reactive Molecules Using Adsorbed Reagents," Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1394; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 313.
  103. R. B. King ed. "Excited States of Atoms and Bare Ions," in "Chemistry of Atoms," Encylopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley, 1994. vol.1 pp 238-241
  104. W. E. Billups, Michael M. Haley, Benny E. Arney, Jr., Roland Boese, and Dieter Bläser, "Synthesis of the Bicyclopropenyls," Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 10693.
  105. M. Saunders, H. Jimenez-Vasquez, E. Billups, C. Gesenberg, and D. McCord, "Reaction of Cyclopropa[b]naphthalene with 3He@C60," Tetrahedron Letters 1994, 35, 3869.
  106. W. E. Billups, Dianne McCord, and Bob R. Maughon, "Dimerization of cycloproparenes by Silver Ion," Tetrahedron Letters 1994, 35, 4493.
  107. W. E. Billups, Dianne McCord, and Bob R. Maughon, "Triscycloproparenes," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 8831.
  108. W. E. Billups, Weimei Luo and Molly Gutierrez, "Spiro[2.4]hepta-1,4,6-triene," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6463.
  109. W. E. Billups, Michael M. Haley, Weimei Luo, Benny E. Arney, Jr., Roland Boese, and Dieter Bläser, "X-Ray Crystal Structure of 3-Vinylcyclopropene. Gas Phase Synthesis of Simple Cyclopropenes," J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 8125.
  110. W. E. Billups, S. C. Chang, R. H. Hauge, and J. L. Margrave, "Low Temperature Reactions of Atomic Cobalt with CH2N2, CH4, CH3D, CH2D2, CHD3, CD4, H2, D2, and HD" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1387.
  111. M. Saunders, H. A. Jiménez-Vásquez, R. J. Cross, W. E. Billups, C. Gesenberg, and A. Gonzalez, W. Luo, R. C. Haddon, F. Diedrich, and A. Herrmann, "Analysis of Isomers of the Higher Fullerenes by 3He NMR Spectroscopy" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9305.
  112. R. E. Bachman, Bob R. Maughon, Dianne J. McCord, Kenton H. Whitmire, and W. E. Billups, "(Bromodichloromethyl)phenylmercury," Acta Cryst. 1995, C51, 2033.
  113. 113. W. E. Billups, Weimei Luo, Gon-Ann Lee, Benny E. Arney, Jr., K. B. Wiberg, and Dean R. Artis, "Synthesis and Chemistry of Bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-1,6-ene," J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 764.
  114. W. E. Billups, W. Luo, D. McCord, and R. Wagner, "Synthesis of New Molecular Systems" Pure & Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 275.
  115. W. E. Billups and B. E. Arney, Jr., "Uses of the Vacuum Gas-Solid Reaction Procedure in Synthesis," Advances in Strain in Organic Chemistry 6 (1997) 35-65, B. Halton, Ed.; JAI Press.
  116. W. E. Billups, W. Luo, and D. McCord, "Synthesis of New Molecular Systems," NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Modular Chemistry," NATO ASI Series 499 (1997) 461, J. Michl, Ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
  117. W. E. Billups, Weimei Luo, Alexander Gonzalez, David Arguello, Lawrence B. Alemany, Terry Marriott, Martin Saunders, Hugo A. Jiménez-Vázquez, and Anthony Khong, "Reduction of C60 Using Anhydrous Hydrazine" Tetrahedron Letters 1997, 38, 171.
  118. W. E. Billups, Alexander Gonzalez, Christoph Gesenberg, Weimei Luo, Terry Marriott, Lawrence B. Alemany, Martin Saunders, Hugo A. Jiménez-Vázquez, and Anthony Khong, " 3He NMR Spectra of Highly Reduced C60" Tetrahedron Letters 1997, 38, 175.
  119. W. E. Billups "Strain," Macmillan Encyclopedia of Chemistry 1997, 4 , 1398, J. J. Lagowski, Ed., Simon and Schuster Macmillan: New York.
  120. W. E. Billups, Christoph Gesenberg, and Roger Cole, "A New Methylenecyclopropene Synthesis and the Isolation of a Novel Methylenecyclopropene Dimer," Tetrahedron Letters 1997, 38, 1115.
  121. W. E. Billups, Weimei Luo, Brenda Harmon, Dianne McCord and Robert Wagner, "Synthesis of a Novel Dicycloproparene," Tetrahedron Letters 1997, 38, 4533.
  122. Lawrence B. Alemany, Weimei Luo, Alexander Gonzalez, W. E. Billups, M. R. Willcott, E. Ezell, and E. Gozansky, "Observation of Alignment Effects in High Field Proton NMR Spectra of Hydrogenated Fullerenes C60H2 and C60H4: Evidence for Residual Anisotropic Dipole-Dipole Couplings," J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 5771.
  123. Lawrence B. Alemany, Alexander Gonzalez, Weimei Luo, W. E. Billups, M. R. Willcott, E. Ezell, and E. Gozansky, "Alignment Effects in High Field Proton NMR Spectra of Hydrogenated Fullerenes: Evidence for Residual Anisotropic Dipole-Dipole Couplings," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5047.
  124. "Discussion of the Palacin and Seddon Lectures," NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Modular Chemistry," NATO ASI Series 499 (1997) 163, J. Michl, Ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
  125. Vladislav A.Litosh, Rajesh K. Saini, Andrew D. Daniels, and W. E. Billups, "Synthesis and Characterization of 1-Chloro-3-methylenecyclopropene," Tetrahedron Letters 1998, 40, 1261.
  126. W. E. Billups, Vladislav A.Litosh, Rajesh K. Saini, Andrew D. Daniels, "Synthesis of Oxaspiropentene," Organic Letters 1999, 1(1), 115.
  127. Rajesh K. Saini, Vladislav A. Litosh, Andrew D. Daniels, and W. E. Billups, "Synthesis and Characterization of 1,4-Dichlorospiropentadiene," Tetrahedron Letters 1999, 40, 6157-6158.
  128. W. E. Billups, Sou-Chan Chang, Robert H. Hauge, and John L. Margrave, "Reactions of Atomic Manganese with CH2N2 in Solid Argon at 12K," Organometallics 1999, 18, 3551-3553.
  129. W. E. Billups, Weimei Luo, and R. Wagner, "Synthesis of [2,2]Paracyclophane Annelated Cycloproparenes" Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 10893-10898.
  130. A. F. Benedetto, S. M. Bachilo, R. B. Weisman, J. R. Nossal, and W. E. Billups, "Photophysical Studies of 1,2-C70H2," J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 10842-10845.
  131. S. M. Bachilo, A. F. Benedetto, R. B. Weisman, J. R. Nossal, and W. E. Billups, "Time-Resolved Thermally-Activated Delayed Fluorescence in C70 and 1,2-C70H2," J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 11265-11269.
  132. C. Judith Chu, Zakya H. Kafafi, John L. Margrave, Robert H. Hauge, and W. E. Billups, "Matrix-Isolation Studies of the Reactions of Ground and Excited State Atomic Iron with Cyclopropane," Organometallics 2000, 19, 39-48.
  133. W. E. Billups, Review, Separation of Fullerenes by Liquid Chromatography, edited by Kiyokatsu Jinno (Toyohashi University of Technology), in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 3984.
  134. Kevin D. Ausman, Michael J. O'Connell, Peter Boul, Lars M. Ericson, Michael J. Casavant, Deron A. Walters, Chad Huffman, Rajesh Saini, Yuhuang Wang, Eric Haroz, Edward W. Billups, and Richard E. Smalley, "Roping and Wrapping Carbon Nanotubes," Proceedings of XVth International Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials Euroconference, Kirchberg, Tirol, Austria, 2000.
  135. Vladislav A. Litosh, Rajesh K. Saini, Ilsa Y. Guzman-Jimenez, Kenton H. Whitmire, and W. E. Billups, "Reactions of Cycloproparenes with Metal Carbenes," Organic Letters, 2001, 3(1), 65-66.
  136. Jamie Nossal, Rajesh K. Saini, Anil K. Sadana, Holger F. Bettinger, Lawrence B. Alemany, Gustavo E. Scuseria, W. E. Billups, M. Saunders, A. Khong, and R.Weisemann, "Formation, Isolation, Spectroscopic Properties, and Calculated Properties of Some Isomers of C60H36," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 8482-8495.
  137. Rajesh Saini and W. E. Billups, "b-Silyl Alkyl Halides," Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations, Science of Synthesis; Fleming, I., Ed.; Georg Thieme Verlag: Stuttgart, 4, 773-788.
  138. J. Nossal, R. K. Saini, L. B. Alemany, M. Meier, and W. E. Billups, "The Synthesis and Characterization of Fullerene Hydrides," Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 4167-4180.
  139. I. W. Chiang, R. K. Saini, E. T. Mickelson, W. E. Billups, R. H. Hauge, and J. L. Margrave, "Covalent Sidewall Functionalization of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes," National Academy of Sciences Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia, Washington, DC, (2001): 40.
  140. W. E. Billups, Rajesh K. Saini, Vladislav A. Litosh, William K. Wilson, Lawrence B. Alemany, and Kenneth B. Wiberg, "Thermal Rearrangements of Spiro[2.4]hepta-1,4,6-trienes," J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4436-4440.
  141. Holger F. Bettinger, Angela D. Rabuck, Gustavo E. Scuseria, and W. E. Billups, "Thermolysis of C60H2," Chem. Phys. Lett. 2002, 360, 509-514.
  142. V. N. Khabashesku, W. E. Billups, J. L. Margrave, "Fluorination of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Subsequent Derivatization Reactions" Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35, 1087-1095.
  143. S. Ramesh, B. Brinson, M. P. Johnson, Z. Gu, R. K. Saini, P. Willis, T. Marriott, W. E. Billups, J. L. Margrave, Robert H. Hauge, and R. E. Smalley, "Identification of Large Fullerenes Formed During the Growth of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes in the HiPco process" J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 1360-1365.
  144. Yadira Vega-Cantu, Robert H. Hauge, Lewis Norman and W. E. Billups, "Enhancement of the Chemical Resistance of Nitrile Rubber by Direct Fluorination," J. Appl. Poly. Sci. 2003, 89, 971-979.
  145. Yadira Vega-Cantu, Robert H. Hauge, Lewis Norman and W. E. Billups, "Studies of ZnBr2 Catalyzed Chemical Effects in Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene," J. Appl. Poly. Sci. 2003, 89, 1250-1257.
  146. Rajesh K. Saini, Ivana W. Chiang, Haiqing Peng, R. E. Smalley, W. E. Billups, Robert H. Hauge and John L. Margrave, "Covalent Sidewall Functionalization of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 3617-3621.
  147. R. Boese, M. T. Kirchner, W. E. Billups and L. R. Norman, "Co-Crystallization with Acetylene: Molecular Complexes with Acetone and Dimethyl Sulfoxide" Angew. Chem. Inter. Ed., 2003, 42, 1961-1963.
  148. Anil. K. Sadana, Rajesh K. Saini, and W. E. Billups, "Cyclobutarenes and Related Compounds" Chemical Reviews 2003, 103, 1539-1602.
  149. Yunming Ying, Rajesh K. Saini, Feng Liang, Anil K. Sadana, and W. E. Billups, "Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes by Free Radicals" Organic Letters 2003, 5(9), 1471-1473.
  150. Asgher Peera, Rajesh K. Saini, Lawrence B. Alemany, W. E. Billups, Martin Saunders and Anthony Khong, M. S. Syamala and R. James Cross, "'Formation, Isolation and Spectroscopic Properties of Some Isomers of C60H38, C60H40, C60H42 and C60H44. Analysis of the Effect of the Different Shapes of Various Helium-Containing Hydrogenated Fullerenes on Their 3He Chemical Shifts" Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 4140-4145.
  151. A. A. Peera, L. B. Alemany, and W. E. Billups, "Hydrogen Storage in Hydrofullerides" Appl. Phys. A 2004, 78, 995-1000.
  152. W. E. Billups "Fullerenes," Macmillan Encyclopedia of Chemistry, J. J. Lagowski, Ed., Simon and Schuster Macmillan: New York. (to appear in 2004)
  153. V. A. Davis, L. M. Ericson, A. N. G. Parra-Vasquez, S. Ramesh, R. K. Saini, C. Kittrell, W. E. Billups, W. W. Adams, R. H. Hauge, R. E. Smalley and M. Pasquali "Phase Behavior and Rheology of SWNTs in Superacids," Macromolecules 2004, 37, 154-160.
  154. S. Ramesh, L.M. Ericson, V.A. Davis, R. K. Saini, C. Kittrell, M. Pasquali, W. E. Billups, W. W. Adams, R. H. Hauge, and R. E. Smalley "Dissolution by Direct Protonation and Nematization of Pristine Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Superacids" J. Phys. Chem. B. (submitted)
  155. M. T. Kirchner, R. Boese, and W. E. Billups and L. R. Norman, "Gas Hydrate Single Crystal Structure Analyses" J. Am. Chem. Soc. (accepted for publication)
  156. A. K. Sadana, F. Liang, B. Brinson, S. Arepalli, S. Farhat, R. H. Hauge, R. E. Smalley, and W. E. Billups, "Functionalization and Extraction of Large Fullerenes and Carbon coated Metal Formed during the Synthesis of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Laser Oven, DC Arc and HiPco Production Methods" Nano Letters (to be submitted)
  157. F. Liang, A. K. Sadana, A. Peera, J. Chattopadhyay, Z. Gu, R. H. Hauge, and W. E. Billups, "A Convenient Route to Debundled Carbon Nanotubes" Nano Letters (to be submitted)